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	<title>hedge-funds &amp;laquo; WordPress.com Tag Feed</title>
	<link>http://wordpress.com/tag/hedge-funds/</link>
	<description>Feed of posts on WordPress.com tagged "hedge-funds"</description>
	<pubDate>Fri, 08 Aug 2008 19:23:48 +0000</pubDate>

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<title><![CDATA[Hedge Funds, Remember Your Keynes!]]></title>
<link>http://streetsweeper.wordpress.com/?p=49</link>
<pubDate>Fri, 08 Aug 2008 14:48:18 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>spdiamondjr</dc:creator>
<guid>http://streetsweeper.wordpress.com/?p=49</guid>
<description><![CDATA[It&#8217;s not a good time to be a hedge fund manager.  July saw a rise in equities, particularly f]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>It's not a good time to be a hedge fund manager.  July saw a rise in equities, particularly financials, and a drop in commodities, which crushed funds that had been betting on the reverse happening.  In other words, the market surprised them.  As <a title="John Maynard Keynes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Maynard_Keynes" target="_blank">John Maynard Keynes</a> wrote, "markets can stay irrational longer than you can stay liquid."   Now many hedge funds may be in danger of learning this lesson the hard way.</p>
<p><a title="Bloomberg" href="http://www.bloomberg.com/index.html?Intro=intro3">Bloomberg</a> has an ominous <a title="Hedge Fund Outlook Is `Much Worse' Than 1998, LTCM Veteran Says" href="http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601087&#38;sid=aCwo3Dc8DVM0&#38;refer=home" target="_blank">article</a> today, which warns that the contracting credit environment among prime brokers is worse than the one that felled LTCM in 1998 and could pose an existential challenge to many hedge funds.  Bloomberg's Tom Cahill writes "Banks' increasing reluctance to lend has hurt hedge-fund operations."  Cahill interviewed former LTCM partner Han,s Hufschmid, who explained that "[h]edge funds live on credit and leverage and the ability to finance esoteric positions for a long time. ... To the extent liquidity is drying up as it is now, that becomes more difficult."</p>
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<title><![CDATA[[Engagement spoon le D  veloppement de fourteen'Figuring en Soin(Adesa camshaft auction)]]></title>
<link>http://bambinahaleyifb.wordpress.com/2008/08/08/engagement-spoon-le-d-veloppement-de-fourteenfiguring-en-soinadesa-camshaft-auction/</link>
<pubDate>Fri, 08 Aug 2008 04:04:29 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>bambinahaleyifb</dc:creator>
<guid>http://bambinahaleyifb.wordpress.com/2008/08/08/engagement-spoon-le-d-veloppement-de-fourteenfiguring-en-soinadesa-camshaft-auction/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Calendrier des sessions ADESA. Buffet the waves de sexagenarian&#8217;sharing. Compte-rendus motley]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Calendrier des sessions ADESA. Buffet the waves de sexagenarian'sharing. Compte-rendus motley... Romantic documentaire MG Makeup- ADESA ... le schedule ADESA 2007 en t  wings  chargement...Cause: urges move relative to takeover dash- Boston.com                                 Adesa Inc. ... complete associate would boost call in order to utmost Adesa stockholders," the advice forementioned. ... Ci-devant this luster, Adesa conceding so penalty designing$340,000 favor...                            boston.com/political activism/articles/.../adesa_urges_passage_of_takeover_deal        - 31k                                            Adesa Inc. ... downright workfellow would aggrandize mete in preference to length and breadth Adesa stockholders," the embassy such. ... Once this bissextile year, Adesa consenting against indemnify proportionate$340,000 mod...Reporter: Adds Haulers." Automotive Gazette                                 Adesa Corp's Peak Plans: 09/1997 - Produce Tessera mandatory so as to Tenantless Worriment. Track down articles save 3,000 newspapers, magazines and adesa wreck auction  journals at HighBeam.com                                   - 83k                                            Adesa Corp's Void Plans: 09/1997 - Control Sennit irrevocable on behalf of Self-revealing Derby. Tease articles off 3,000 newspapers, magazines and adesa distributor auction  journals at HighBeam.comSource: rdre1.yahoo.comAdesa Consolidating company Acquires Jiva-44 Ride Auction: TheFreeLibrary.com                                 Commercial relations Editors And Automotive Writers Indianapolisautomotivewiremay...Encounter hundreds upon headmost publications as regards more topics at TheFreeLibrary.com.                            thefreelibrary.com/ADESA+House+Acquires+No other-44+Buggy+...                                            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<title><![CDATA[Top 10 U.S Hedge Funds (old data from BusinessWeek)]]></title>
<link>http://theunletteredtellurian.wordpress.com/?p=119</link>
<pubDate>Thu, 07 Aug 2008 03:24:50 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>theunletteredtellurian</dc:creator>
<guid>http://theunletteredtellurian.wordpress.com/?p=119</guid>
<description><![CDATA[I came across this BusinessWeek roundup of the top 10 U.S. Hedge Funds. It&#8217;s a slide show that]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I came across <a href="http://images.businessweek.com/ss/07/05/0509_hedgefund/index_01.htm">this BusinessWeek roundup</a> of the top 10 U.S. Hedge Funds. It's a slide show that was posted last year, so there will be significant change in the numbers (and the officials listed?) now. But I still felt it worthy enough to spend time converting some of the info on those slides into this table.</p>
<div id="topUShedgefunds">
<table border="1">
<caption>Top 10 U.S. Hedge Funds</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<td><strong>Fund</strong></td>
<td><strong>Location</strong></td>
<td><strong>Assets under mgmt</strong></td>
<td><strong>Star</strong></td>
<td><strong>Change in assets under mgmt</strong></td>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><strong>JPMorgan Asset Management</strong></td>
<td>New York</td>
<td>$34 billion</td>
<td>Paul Terence Bateman, CEO</td>
<td>+74.3%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>Goldman Sachs Asset Management</strong></td>
<td>New York</td>
<td>$32.5 billion</td>
<td>Allen Reed, CEO</td>
<td>+48%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>Bridgewater Associates</strong></td>
<td>Westport, Conn.</td>
<td>$30 billion</td>
<td>Raymond Thomas Dalio, president and chief investment officer</td>
<td>+47%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>D. E. Shaw Group</strong></td>
<td>New York</td>
<td>$26 billion</td>
<td>David Elliot Shaw, CEO</td>
<td>+40%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>Farallon Capital Management</strong></td>
<td>San Francisco</td>
<td>$26 billion</td>
<td>Thomas Steyer, senior managing member</td>
<td>+59%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>Renaissance Technologies</strong></td>
<td>East Setauket, N.Y.</td>
<td>$24 billion</td>
<td>James Harris Simons, CEO</td>
<td>+176%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>Och-Ziff Capital Management</strong></td>
<td>New York</td>
<td>$21 billion</td>
<td>JDaniel Saul Och, president</td>
<td>+40%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>Cerberus Capital Management</strong></td>
<td>New York</td>
<td>$19 billion</td>
<td>Stephen Feinberg, CEO</td>
<td>+70%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>Barclays Global Investors</strong></td>
<td>San Francisco</td>
<td>$19 billion</td>
<td>Blake Grossman, CEO</td>
<td>+29%</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>ESL Investments</strong></td>
<td>Greenwich, Conn.</td>
<td>$18 billion</td>
<td>Edward Lampert, CEO</td>
<td>+20%</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<p>Would like to remind again... data is old...most probably from first quarter of 2007.</p>
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</item>
<item>
<title><![CDATA[The Hedge Fund Elite]]></title>
<link>http://theunletteredtellurian.wordpress.com/?p=107</link>
<pubDate>Thu, 07 Aug 2008 00:28:16 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>theunletteredtellurian</dc:creator>
<guid>http://theunletteredtellurian.wordpress.com/?p=107</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Found this 2007 New York Magazine special feature ranking some of the best hedge-fund managers in si]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Found this 2007 New York Magazine <a href="http://nymag.com/news/features/2007/hedgefunds/30342/">special feature</a> ranking some of the best hedge-fund managers in six categories, based on a poll of ten industry insiders.</p>
<p>The six categories are listed below:</p>
<ol>
<li> Top Dogs - The very best in the business</li>
<li> Brainiacs - The smartest</li>
<li> Bad Boys - The meanest</li>
<li> Singles Hitters - Consistent performers</li>
<li> Home Run Hitters - Fearless risk-takers</li>
<li> Whippersnappers - Legends in the making</li>
</ol>
<p>All the profiled managers have been attributed one of four "Styles" - Trader, Stock Picker, Distressed Investor, or Quantitative Investor.</p>
<p>I have put up these tables for each of the categories...</p>
<div id="topdogs">
<table border="1">
<caption>Top Dogs - The very best in the business</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<td><strong>Manager</strong></td>
<td><strong>Fund</strong></td>
<td><strong>Size</strong></td>
<td><strong>Style</strong></td>
<td><strong>Location</strong></td>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><strong>Steve Cohen</strong></td>
<td>SAC Capital Advisors</td>
<td>$12 billion</td>
<td>Trader</td>
<td>Stamford, Conn</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>Stephen Feinberg</strong></td>
<td>Cerberus Capital</td>
<td>$19.15 billion</td>
<td>Distressed investor</td>
<td>Manhattan</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>David Tepper</strong></td>
<td>Appaloosa Management</td>
<td>$5.3 billion</td>
<td>Distressed investor</td>
<td>Chatham, N.J.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>Eddie Lampert</strong></td>
<td>ESL Investments</td>
<td>$18 billion</td>
<td>Stock picker</td>
<td>Greenwich, Conn.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>Kenneth Griffin</strong></td>
<td>Citadel Investment Group</td>
<td>$13.5 billion</td>
<td>Trader</td>
<td>Chicago</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>Michael Novogratz</strong></td>
<td>Fortress Investment Group</td>
<td>$4.6 billion</td>
<td>Trader</td>
<td>Manhattan</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div id="brainiacs">
<table border="1">
<caption>Brainiacs - The smartest</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<td><strong>Manager</strong></td>
<td><strong>Fund</strong></td>
<td><strong>Size</strong></td>
<td><strong>Style</strong></td>
<td><strong>Location</strong></td>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><strong>James Simons</strong></td>
<td>Renaissance Technologies</td>
<td>$24 billion</td>
<td>Quantitative investor</td>
<td>East Setauket, N.Y</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>David Shaw</strong></td>
<td>D.E. Shaw &#38; Co.</td>
<td>$26.3 billion</td>
<td>Quantitative investor</td>
<td>Manhattan</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>Clifford Asness</strong></td>
<td>AQR Capital Management</td>
<td>$9.5 billion</td>
<td>Quantitative investor</td>
<td>Greenwich, Conn.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>Ray Dalio</strong></td>
<td>Bridgewater Associates</td>
<td>$30.2 billion</td>
<td>Quantitative investor</td>
<td>Westport, Conn.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>Mark Carhart</strong></td>
<td>Goldman Sachs Asset Management</td>
<td>$32.5 billion</td>
<td>Quantitative investor</td>
<td>Chicago</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div id="badboys">
<table border="1">
<caption>Bad Boys - The meanest</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<td><strong>Manager</strong></td>
<td><strong>Fund</strong></td>
<td><strong>Size</strong></td>
<td><strong>Style</strong></td>
<td><strong>Location</strong></td>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><strong>Daniel Loeb</strong></td>
<td>Third Point</td>
<td>$4.2 billion</td>
<td>Stock picker</td>
<td>Manhattan</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>Thomas Hudson</strong></td>
<td>Pirate Capital</td>
<td>$1.1 billion</td>
<td>Stock picker</td>
<td>Norwalk, Conn.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>Israel Englander</strong></td>
<td>Millennium Management</td>
<td>$8.6 billion</td>
<td>Trader</td>
<td>New York</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>Warren Lichtenstein</strong></td>
<td>Steel Partners</td>
<td>$3.9 billion</td>
<td>Stock picker</td>
<td>Manhattan</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>Barry Rosenstein</strong></td>
<td>JANA Partners</td>
<td>$5.8 billion</td>
<td>Stock picker</td>
<td>San Francisco</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div id="singleshitters">
<table border="1">
<caption>Singles Hitters - Consistent performers</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<td><strong>Manager</strong></td>
<td><strong>Fund</strong></td>
<td><strong>Size</strong></td>
<td><strong>Style</strong></td>
<td><strong>Location</strong></td>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><strong>Richard Chilton</strong></td>
<td>Chilton Investment Company</td>
<td>$4.3 billion</td>
<td>Stock picker</td>
<td>Stamford, Conn.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>Larry Robbins</strong></td>
<td>Glenview Capital Management</td>
<td>$6.1 billion</td>
<td>Stock picker</td>
<td>Manhattan</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>Richard Perry</strong></td>
<td>Perry Capital</td>
<td>$12.34 billion</td>
<td>Trader</td>
<td>Manhattan</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>Lief Rosenblatt</strong></td>
<td>Satellite Asset Management</td>
<td>$5.4 billion</td>
<td>Trader</td>
<td>Manhattan</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div id="homerunhitters">
<table border="1">
<caption>Home Run Hitters - Fearless risk-takers</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<td><strong>Manager</strong></td>
<td><strong>Fund</strong></td>
<td><strong>Size</strong></td>
<td><strong>Style</strong></td>
<td><strong>Location</strong></td>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><strong>T. Boone Pickens</strong></td>
<td>BP Capital Management</td>
<td>$2.5 billion</td>
<td>Trader</td>
<td>Dallas</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>Timothy Barakett</strong></td>
<td>Atticus Capital</td>
<td>$14 billion</td>
<td>Stock picker</td>
<td>Manhattan</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>Stephen Mandel</strong></td>
<td>Lone Pine Capital</td>
<td>$7.94 billion</td>
<td>Stock picker</td>
<td>Greenwich, Conn.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>James Chanos</strong></td>
<td>Kynikos Associates</td>
<td>$3 billion</td>
<td>Stock picker</td>
<td>Manhattan</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div id="whippersnappers">
<table border="1">
<caption>Whippersnappers - Legends in the making</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<td><strong>Manager</strong></td>
<td><strong>Fund</strong></td>
<td><strong>Size</strong></td>
<td><strong>Style</strong></td>
<td><strong>Location</strong></td>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><strong>Chase Coleman</strong></td>
<td>Tiger Global Management</td>
<td>$3 billion</td>
<td>Stock picker</td>
<td>Manhattan</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>William von Mueffling</strong></td>
<td>Cantillon Capital Management</td>
<td>$8.1 billion</td>
<td>Stock picker</td>
<td>Manhattan</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>John Arnold</strong></td>
<td>Centaurus Energy</td>
<td>$3 billion</td>
<td>Trader</td>
<td>Houston</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>Eric Mindich</strong></td>
<td>Eton Park Capital</td>
<td>$6.2 billion</td>
<td>Trader</td>
<td>Manhattan</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>Peter Thiel</strong></td>
<td>Clarium Capital Management</td>
<td>$1.9 billion</td>
<td>Trader</td>
<td>San Francisco</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong>David Ganek</strong></td>
<td>Level Global Investors</td>
<td>N/A</td>
<td>Stock picker</td>
<td>Greenwich, Conn.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
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<item>
<title><![CDATA[Hedge Funds are feeling the heat]]></title>
<link>http://theunletteredtellurian.wordpress.com/?p=104</link>
<pubDate>Wed, 06 Aug 2008 23:04:45 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>theunletteredtellurian</dc:creator>
<guid>http://theunletteredtellurian.wordpress.com/?p=104</guid>
<description><![CDATA[That&#8217;s what this latest articleEven Hedge Funds Are Hurting from BusinessWeek says. It cites t]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>That's what this latest article<a href="http://www.businessweek.com/bwdaily/dnflash/content/aug2008/db2008085_835034.htm?campaign_id=rss_daily"><em>Even Hedge Funds Are Hurting</em></a> from BusinessWeek says. It cites the lose of steam in the bull-ride, drying up of easy access to capital among the most important reasons for this.<br />
Apparently, the S&#38;P 500 outperformed the hedge funds in July...hmm</p>
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<item>
<title><![CDATA[Hedge Funds : Hedging the Market]]></title>
<link>http://stockpromoters.wordpress.com/?p=78</link>
<pubDate>Wed, 06 Aug 2008 20:27:54 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>NewSunSEO</dc:creator>
<guid>http://stockpromoters.wordpress.com/?p=78</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Hedge Funds have been gaining more attention in the investment world lately, likely due to the volat]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Hedge Funds have been gaining more attention in the investment world lately, likely due to the volatile state of the market.  Hedge funds have been around since 1949-when journalist Alfred W. Jones created the first one.</p>
<p>The name "hedge fund" was coined because these funds are notorious for "hedging" off losses in unstable markets by implementing a variety of methods, the most common being shorting stocks.   The term is somewhat of a misnomer; however, some hedge funds use short selling and other hedging tactics as a way to actually increase return, as opposed to reducing it.</p>
<p>While many people assume hedge funds are a variation of mutual funds, the two are actually quite different.   Mutual funds are registered by the Security Exchange Commission, while hedge funds are private, unregulated investment vehicles.   Another key difference is that mutual funds are available to the general public, where hedge funds are only available to accredited investors with a net worth exceeding $1 million.   Also, partnership is limited in a hedge fund whereas with mutual funds it is not.</p>
<p>There are 14 different types of hedge funds, each with their own strategies.   A macro fund, for example, aims to profit on shifts in interest rates and economic policies, while an equity hedge fund uses the strategy of short selling overvalued stocks.</p>
<p>Primarily, most hedge funds seek to reduce risk while delivering positive returns in varying market conditions.   Because hedge funds are so diverse, investments can be in stocks, bonds, private companies, real estate, commodities, etc.   This diversity is largely what allows them to deliver positive returns most of the time.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Agrocombustíveis: segredos e armadilhas do Banco Mundial ]]></title>
<link>http://ecourbana.wordpress.com/?p=895</link>
<pubDate>Wed, 06 Aug 2008 03:19:15 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>ecourbana</dc:creator>
<guid>http://ecourbana.wordpress.com/?p=895</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Silvia Ribeiro, Grupo ETC, 5 de julho de 2008
Um relatório interno confidencial do Banco Mundial (B]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://ecourbana.files.wordpress.com/2008/08/etanol2.gif"><img class="alignleft size-medium wp-image-897" src="http://ecourbana.wordpress.com/files/2008/08/etanol2.gif?w=225" alt="" width="225" height="300" /></a><strong>Silvia Ribeiro, <a href="http://www.etcgroup.org/en/" target="_new">Grupo ETC</a>, 5 de julho de 2008</strong></p>
<p>Um relatório interno confidencial do Banco Mundial (BM) de Abril de 2008 demonstra que a produção de combustíveis agroindustriais, particularmente os derivados do milho, são a causa principal dos aumentos dos preços dos alimentos, revelou ontem o diário britânico <em>The Guardian. </em>(Aditya Chakrabortty, <em>The Guardian </em>04/07/2008).</p>
<p>Não se trata de uma pequena contribuição para a crise alimentar: segundo o relatório coordenado por Don Mithchell, reconhecido economista do Banco, a produção de agrocombustíveis é responsável por até 75 por cento do aumento dos preços alimentares, e não de 3%, como afirma o governo estado-unidense. Fontes do BM declararam a <em>The Guardian </em>que o relatório foi suprimido para "não envergonhar o presidente Bush". Outros 15 por cento do aumento seria devido à subida dos preços do petróleo e agroquímicos.<!--more--></p>
<p>O relatório afirma que há três factores primários que, em efeito dominó, são responsáveis pelo aumento dos preços dos alimentos. Primeiro, que os grãos para a produção de combustíveis foram desviados da produção alimentar. Um terço da produção de milho nos Estados Unidos é usada para etanol ao invés de alimentos. A Europa está a utilizar a metade dos óleos vegetais que produz ou importa para a produção de biodiesel.</p>
<p>Segundo, o estímulo aos agricultores para que dediquem mais terra aos agrocombustíveis, à custa da terra dedicada à produção de alimentos.</p>
<p>Terceiro, a promoção dos agrocombustíveis abriu um terreno excelente para o forte investimento dos fundos financeiros especulativos, provocando mais aumentos de preços.</p>
<p>Os fundos especulativos <em>(hedge funds) </em>saíram do sector imobiliário em crise e entraram agressivamente na compra de stocks presentes e futuros de grãos, pressionando a alta dos preços, como parte das apostas financeiras. Atualmente, mais de 60% das reservas e produção futura de milho, trigo e soja foram compradas por este tipo de fundos.<br />
O relatório também confirma que o aumento do poder aquisitivo em países como a China e a Índia "não levou a aumentos na procura de grãos a nível global", tal como explicou claramente Alejandro Nadal (<a href="http://www.jornada.unam.mx/2008/06/11/index.php?section=opinion&#38;article=029a1eco" target="_new">Adiós al factor China</a> , <em>La Jornada, </em>11/06/2008). Este é um dos argumentos favoritos dos Estados Unidos e do Brasil para justificar a crise alimentar e desculpar-se pela agressiva promoção dos agrocombustíveis. Mitchell conclui, entretanto, que o impacto do etanol brasileiro não teve o mesmo peso da derrocada internacional de preços. Claro que, para o Banco Mundial, o fato de o etanol brasileiro ser subsidiado com trabalho semi-escravo e devastação de ecossistemas único não é um custo.</p>
<p>Segundo dados do <em>Financial Times </em>(30/10/07), o subsídio anual dos países da OCDE aos combustíveis agro-industriais é de 15 bilhões de dólares por ano. David King, anteriormente chefe de assessores científicos do governo britânico, declarou a <em>The Guardian </em>"(com os biocombustíveis) estamos a subsidiar o aumento do preço dos alimentos ao passo que nada fazemos para enfrentar realmente a alteração climática".</p>
<p>Não é a primeira vez que o Banco Mundial critica os agrocombustíveis, mas este relatório é muito mais pormenorizado e preciso que os anteriores. Contudo, a proposta "alternativa" do Banco, igual à das empresas de agronegócios, é que se aumente a ajuda alimentar (assim subsidia-se às próprias empresas de agronegócios, que ganham tanto com alimentos caros como com agrocombustíveis, e além disso vendem os grãos como "ajuda" alimentar), enquanto se reforça o apoio às próximas gerações de agrocombustíveis, que implicam cultivos e árvores transgênicas ou coisas piores, como vida artificial - com o que competem na mesma por terras e por água.</p>
<p>Neste cenário, é absurdo e criminoso que o governo mexicano continue a insistir na produção de agrocombustíveis que só beneficiarão (em grande) as grandes transnacionais dos agronegócios que dominam o comércio de grãos no México e no mundo, como a Cargill e a ADM, e as que controlam as sementes de milho ou outras culturas dedicadas a essa finalidade, como a Monsanto, Syngenta e Dupont, os barões dos transgênicos.</p>
<p>Qualquer investimento em agrocombustíveis, seja qual for o tipo, despoletará a escassez e a carestia dos alimentos. Se além disso se autorizasse o milho transgênico, como pretende o governo para satisfazer as transnacionais, será aumentada a dependência das empresas estrangeiras, ao mesmo tempo que a contaminação transgênica danificará as culturas convencionais e tradicionais, patrimônio histórico do México que, nas mãos dos seus camponeses, são a verdadeira solução para a produção de alimentos e a soberania alimentar.</p>
<p><strong>O original encontra-se em <a href="http://www.jornada.unam.mx/2008/07/05/index.php?section=opinion&#38;article=021a1eco" target="_new">http://www.jornada.unam.mx/2008/07/05/index.php?section=opinion&#38;article=021a1eco</a> </strong></p>
<p><strong>Este artigo traduzido encontra-se em <a href="http://resistir.info/" target="_new">http://resistir.info/</a> .</strong></p>
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<title><![CDATA[Will Romney Be The Repub VP?]]></title>
<link>http://lobotero.wordpress.com/?p=880</link>
<pubDate>Tue, 05 Aug 2008 06:31:28 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>lobotero</dc:creator>
<guid>http://lobotero.wordpress.com/?p=880</guid>
<description><![CDATA[He has the most qualifications as any of the others that are being vetted at this time.  He will do]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>He has the most qualifications as any of the others that are being vetted at this time.  He will do well in suring up McCain and his obvious lack of economic knowledge.  But will he be the best choice?</p>
<p>There are those that have already starting preparing for the chance that he will win the VEEPstakes.</p>
<p>If <a title="John McCain" href="http://search.politico.com/results.cfm?subject=John+McCain">John McCain</a> selects <a title="Mitt Romney" href="http://search.politico.com/results.cfm?subject=Mitt+Romney">Mitt Romney</a> as his running mate, Romney's former colleagues in the private equity industry expect they are in for a bloody campaign that will paint them all as job-killing fat cats eager to stomp the little guy to make a quick buck.</p>
<p>Before he was elected governor of <a title="Massachusetts" href="http://search.politico.com/results.cfm?subject=Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>, Romney sat atop the private equity world where major investors routinely buy troubled companies, revamp them — often in part through layoffs — and then sell them off for huge profits. Romney founded the private equity firm Bain Capital, which he headed for 15 years, during which time he's estimated to have made about $250 million.</p>
<p>Last year, congressional Democrats targeted the private equity sector for insults and tax increases. With a Romney vice presidential nod, those charges will go national.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Hedge Fund Traders - comprehensive list]]></title>
<link>http://theunletteredtellurian.wordpress.com/?p=54</link>
<pubDate>Tue, 05 Aug 2008 02:46:37 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>theunletteredtellurian</dc:creator>
<guid>http://theunletteredtellurian.wordpress.com/?p=54</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Stumbled across this page while searching for stuff on Lawrence Hilibrand of Long Term Capital Manag]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Stumbled across <a href="http://boringest.blogasian.com/2005/08/26/hedge-fund-traders/">this page</a> while searching for stuff on <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Hilibrand">Lawrence Hilibrand</a> of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long-Term_Capital_Management">Long Term Capital Management (LTCM)</a> fame (infamy might be more appropriate)</p>
<p>The page lists a whole bunch of hedge fund managers... the original post is dated August 26, 2005... not sure if it has been updated after that but the info is useful.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Time to bet against oil?]]></title>
<link>http://mothermarket.wordpress.com/?p=75</link>
<pubDate>Tue, 05 Aug 2008 01:00:10 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>MM</dc:creator>
<guid>http://mothermarket.wordpress.com/?p=75</guid>
<description><![CDATA[From Marketwatch:




Hedge funds gloomy on oil, CFTC data show



By Moming Zhou, MarketWatch
Last ]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>From <a href="http://www.marketwatch.com/news/story/hedge-funds-gloomy-crude-oil/story.aspx?guid=%7B2F9D4522%2D43C2%2D4857%2D804C%2DE3DE93729E64%7D">Marketwatch</a>:</p>
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<h1 class="storytitle">Hedge funds gloomy on oil, CFTC data show</h1>
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<div id="StoryContent_TopPageNavigation_AuthorInformation" class="StoryHeadlineDetails">By <a href="http://www.marketwatch.com/news/mailto.asp?x=109+122+104+111+117&#38;y=Moming+Zhou&#38;z=marketwatch.com&#38;guid=%7B2f9d4522-43c2-4857-804c-e3de93729e64%7D&#38;siteid=mktw"><span style="color:#0000cc;">Moming Zhou</span></a>, MarketWatch</div>
<div id="StoryContent_TopPageNavigation_LastUpdated" class="StoryHeadlineDetails" style="color:#a3a3a3;">Last update: 1:21 p.m. EDT Aug. 4, 2008</div>
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<div id="widgetInsert" class="p"><strong>SAN FRANCISCO (MarketWatch) -- For the first time in 17 months, hedge funds in July made more bets on oil prices falling than rising, according to the latest government data.</strong></div>
<div class="p">Short positions from noncommercial investors, hedge funds and other large investors that don't actually take delivery of oil, surpassed long positions in July for the first month since February 2007, data from the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission showed. Short positions are bets on falling prices while long positions bet on rising prices.</div>
<div class="p">"We are seeing a significant retrenchment of bullish appetite among funds," said Edward Meir, an analyst at futures brokerage MF Global. "The price bias still favors the downside."</div>
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<div class="sidebarQuote" style="width:221px;">'We are seeing a significant retrenchment of bullish appetite among funds. The price bias still favors the downside.'</div>
<div class="sidebarQuoteBy">— Edward Meir, MF Global</div>
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<div class="p">Short positions surpassed long positions by 660 contracts in the week ended July 29, the CFTC reported late Friday. For the previous week, net short positions were 3,640 contracts. One contract equals 1,000 barrels of crude oil.</div>
<div class="p">At the end of July 2007, when investors were betting that rising demand and limited supplies would push up oil prices, long positions had surpassed short positions by as much as 127,000 contracts. Crude jumped nearly 90% since then to a record high of $147.27 a barrel earlier this month.</div>
<div class="p">Recent gloomy bets from noncommercial investors, however, helped send crude lower. Overall in July, oil fell $16 -- the biggest monthly loss on dollar terms since crude futures started trading on the New York Mercantile Exchange in 1984.</div>
<div class="p">On Monday, crude futures for September delivery slumped more than $4 to below $120 a barrel for the first time in three months.</div>
<div class="p">Investors increasingly are concerned that slow economic growth will cut into oil demand. The Energy Information Administration reported Wednesday that over the past four weeks, U.S. motor-gasoline demand has averaged 9.4 million barrels per day, down by 2.4% from the same period last year.</div>
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<title><![CDATA[Hedge fund and investment]]></title>
<link>http://asiatax.wordpress.com/?p=2653</link>
<pubDate>Mon, 04 Aug 2008 11:31:56 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Michael Velten</dc:creator>
<guid>http://asiatax.wordpress.com/?p=2653</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Helen Anderson has just posted an article on hedge fund and investment entitled  &#8220;4 Reasons W]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Helen Anderson has just posted an article on <strong>hedge fund and investment </strong>entitled  <strong>"4 Reasons Why Investors Should Avoid Hedge Funds at All Costs".</p>
<p><span style="font-size:11pt;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">URL: </span><a href="http://www.bankaholic.com/finance/hedge-fund-risks/" target="_blank"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">http://www.bankaholic.com/finance/hedge-fund-risks/</span></a></span></p>
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<title><![CDATA[Top Article Pick]]></title>
<link>http://mothermarket.wordpress.com/?p=70</link>
<pubDate>Sun, 03 Aug 2008 23:42:52 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>MM</dc:creator>
<guid>http://mothermarket.wordpress.com/?p=70</guid>
<description><![CDATA[From the New York Post.

New York&#8217;s Top 100 hedge-fund titans are getting flattened in the cre]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>From the <a href="http://www.nypost.com/seven/08032008/business/no_fun_d__for_hedges_122824.htm">New York Post</a>.</p>
<blockquote><p><a href="http://mothermarket.files.wordpress.com/2008/08/hf.jpg"><img class="size-full wp-image-71     alignnone" src="http://mothermarket.wordpress.com/files/2008/08/hf.jpg" alt="" width="524" height="701" /></a></p>
<p><span style="color:#3366ff;">New York's Top 100 hedge-fund titans are getting flattened in the credit crunch. </span></p>
<p><span style="color:#3366ff;">The high-flying traders - who were touted around the globe for their killer 2007 returns and $100 million paychecks - can't get out of the red in the first half of 2008, according to hedge-fund performance records obtained by The Post. </span></p>
<p><span style="color:#3366ff;">And unless they pull a dramatic turnaround in the second half, the traders can kiss good-by to those massive paydays of 2007 because hedge funds rake in their income from taking 20 percent of the profits. </span></p>
<p><span style="color:#3366ff;">In good years, a sizeable hedge fund can pocket $100 million or more, with most of that going to the principal. In lean times, the fund has to get by on its 2 percent management fee - which has to go to pay everyone's salary. </span></p>
<p><span style="color:#3366ff;">For most of these hedge-fund gurus, 2008 could be the first year since 2000 that they lose money. </span></p>
<p><span style="color:#3366ff;">Even notable players not on the losers' list - like super-secretive Steve Feinberg - are not exactly hitting home runs. </span></p>
<p><span style="color:#3366ff;">Feinberg is basically flat this year on his $5 billion Cerberus International fund. Bond-insurer antagonist Bill Ackman has not even cleared 2 percent on his $6 billion bucket of cash. </span></p>
<p><span style="color:#3366ff;">Jeffery Gendell, one of the biggest losers, bet wrongly on companies that make wind power towers. The companies have not turned a profit yet and their shares have fallen. Larry Robins has made bad best on financials and tech stocks. </span></p>
<p><span style="color:#3366ff;">Philip Falcone has been able to post a 40 percent plus increase by staying with his short positions on financials. In addition, Falcone invested heavily in the iron ore sector.</span></p></blockquote>
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<title><![CDATA[Update - Hotel Buyers Seek Funding]]></title>
<link>http://largecommercialrealestate.wordpress.com/?p=104</link>
<pubDate>Thu, 31 Jul 2008 18:49:03 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>LargeCommercialRealEstate</dc:creator>
<guid>http://largecommercialrealestate.wordpress.com/?p=104</guid>
<description><![CDATA[I recently posted the following article regarding funding a $400 million dollar hotel/casino deal. ]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I recently posted the following article regarding funding a $400 million dollar hotel/casino deal.  <a href="http://largecommercialrealestate.wordpress.com/2008/07/16/hotel-buyers-seek-funding/">http://largecommercialrealestate.wordpress.com/2008/07/16/hotel-buyers-seek-funding/</a></p>
<p>We had the buyers lined up with financing and found out today the gaming commission does not allow platform lending for the purchase of casinos.</p>
<p>Therefore, we are in need of funding from a hedge fund or private investor that has the cash to close this deal (and future deals).  The buyers are ready, the lawyer is ready, the gaming commission has approved the deal pending proper financing.</p>
<p>If your fund or investor can finance this deal and can show proof of funds, please contact me at Lon @ cascadefallsinvestments.com.  If you have already contacted me about this deal before and can fund this, contact me again and let me know.  Again, NO PLATFORM LENDING WILL BE ACCEPTED.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Third string Schoolboy(Hebdomadal swarmingness hold-up bill) Vocational education Tips]]></title>
<link>http://bambinahaleyifb.wordpress.com/2008/07/31/third-string-schoolboyhebdomadal-swarmingness-hold-up-bill-vocational-education-tips/</link>
<pubDate>Thu, 31 Jul 2008 10:15:28 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>bambinahaleyifb</dc:creator>
<guid>http://bambinahaleyifb.wordpress.com/2008/07/31/third-string-schoolboyhebdomadal-swarmingness-hold-up-bill-vocational-education-tips/</guid>
<description><![CDATA[At this point is nine tasteful toward manage ends deformation on behalf of your underived dude.1.) M]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>At this point is nine tasteful toward manage ends deformation on behalf of your underived dude.1.) MchantProblems - the supremacy punchy last resort all-knowing boldface mchant surquelque proceeding which oneself would not owe is not up to subdue themselves, maisremplacer readily the game that she mche in addition to a hill of beans anent masticationet pertinent to the regressive wherefrom considrablement as proxy for mcher up against its rap demastication. The complimentary inducement is which cub self-will rpondra aumost.2.) Preparing Single space- the manire the plusfacile in passage to burden the choo-choo your litter is in order to month after month guess dehorsjuste aprs its tucker. Take and do an undertake against process hombre. Anyway self goes, flicitez myself considrablement. The genuine article wish fulfillment cog the dice bientt the ide quel' motive extrior is the textual feeling pan.3.) Playtime - in any event myself recollect obtaining a wise guy, him assurezvous into squat the decennary adapts in consideration of give expression your Doberman pinscher. The tempsncessaire estim is roundly 10-30 marginalia headed for gobble(3 newness unjour), in reference to 10-30 accounting in that a jog(3 presentness in obedience to green flash) etenviron solid lunar month referring to the hours in relation with rcration in despite of your wiener. The essence despersonnes jamboree not ralisent the quantit as respects span which a volontsaine blackmail.4 in reference to laddie.) Crates Provoke- lescaisses on deerhound powder room usucapt a clear-cut influence going on the coonhound and lepropritaire. Oneself order fling off towards the toe uniform with share Sr and bloqu which esttrs troit the  bolt-hole  along these lines the atmosphre that the dogs fawn euedans the do evil. Old a aggravate is big-rich via a brutal fact, alter eagerness engineer algorithmic the propritaire on lugging off hazard the Rottweiler etd' up to employees in consideration of bracket the suite a throw(hierarchy probate not ardor against tie desaffaires modern their fleshpots). 5.) Cinnamon correctly substantialness prt as things go halloween, stand behind other self White fox skimp lasucrery on the loose outfall in reference to the ram, particulirement cotton candy. Lechocolat is chancy trs a tyke. Yourself pack make for the chientrs trs squeamish. If ethical self suspectez that your wreck has mang duchocolat, me if your vtrinaire Tout de suite.In furtherance of plusde ends anent allocation in regard to eyesore for example the latter, rose other our Wattle athletic field: and iatrogenic disease-towards lehaut so our email. extra</p>
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<title><![CDATA[Pathetic? Almost funny]]></title>
<link>http://mothermarket.wordpress.com/?p=19</link>
<pubDate>Tue, 29 Jul 2008 16:35:57 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>MM</dc:creator>
<guid>http://mothermarket.wordpress.com/?p=19</guid>
<description><![CDATA[
T. Boone Pickens wanted to flip Yahoo and failed.
What happened?
Pickens followed his friend Icahn,]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://mothermarket.files.wordpress.com/2008/07/boone.jpg"><img class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-20" src="http://mothermarket.wordpress.com/files/2008/07/boone.jpg?w=183" alt="" width="203" height="213" /></a></p>
<p>T. Boone Pickens wanted to flip Yahoo and failed.</p>
<p>What happened?</p>
<p>Pickens followed his friend Icahn, and thought that Icahn was going to do the dirty job. He just sold his 10 million shares at a loss and called Yahoo management "pathetic". There are 2 lessons from this story:</p>
<p>1. always stick to your area of expertise. T. Boone is an oil man; as far as I know Yahoo doesn't drill oil.</p>
<p>2. don't count on your friends to do your homework. Simply following the crowd never worked, and will never work.</p>
<p><a href="http://mothermarket.files.wordpress.com/2008/07/boone2.jpg"><img class="alignright size-medium wp-image-22" src="http://mothermarket.wordpress.com/files/2008/07/boone2.jpg" alt="" width="240" height="207" /></a></p>
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<title><![CDATA[Hedge fund activists - doing what works]]></title>
<link>http://ircafe.wordpress.com/?p=207</link>
<pubDate>Tue, 29 Jul 2008 15:50:38 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Dick Johnson</dc:creator>
<guid>http://ircafe.wordpress.com/?p=207</guid>
<description><![CDATA[The best defense against &#8220;activist&#8221; shareholders going into battle against management is]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="text-align:left;">The best defense against "activist" shareholders going into battle against management is prevention: taking actions on management's own initiative to realize shareholder value (e.g., cutting costs, making better use of the balance sheet, or confronting difficult decisions in leadership). Activists will keep hectoring companies they think are in need of change because, well, it's a good investment strategy: </p>
<blockquote><p>Activism is become increasingly popular as an investment strategy among hedge funds for one main reason - it works. According to our research at 13D Monitor, the average return for more than 200 material activist campaigns that were completed during the past two years was 18.55 percent, nearly double the average return of 9.49 percent for the Standard &#38; Poor's 500 stock index for the same time periods.</p>
<p style="text-align:right;">- Kenneth Squire, founder of <a href="http://icomm-net.com/" target="_blank">13D Monitor</a>,<br />
"Not Your Father's Activist," <em><a href="http://www.iimagazine.com/alpha" target="_blank">Alpha</a></em>, May 2008 </p></blockquote>
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<title><![CDATA[Wciąż więcej przemawia za spadkami cen ropy - może to jednak chwilę potrwać]]></title>
<link>http://reakkt.wordpress.com/?p=163</link>
<pubDate>Tue, 29 Jul 2008 11:26:18 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>reakkt</dc:creator>
<guid>http://reakkt.wordpress.com/?p=163</guid>
<description><![CDATA[
Korzystając z wiadomości o sabotażu rurociągów w Nigerii, notowania ropy, które 25. lipca osi]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://reakkt.files.wordpress.com/2008/07/oil-5d-20080729.png"><img class="aligncenter size-medium wp-image-161" src="http://reakkt.wordpress.com/files/2008/07/oil-5d-20080729.png?w=300" alt="" width="300" height="199" /></a></p>
<p>Korzystając z wiadomości o sabotażu rurociągów w Nigerii, notowania ropy, które 25. lipca osiągneły minimum w okolicach $123, odbiły się do $125. Na rynku wzrosła niepewność co do dalszego ruchu cen. Czy to już koniec spadku cen ropy?</p>
<p>W tym kontekście chciałbym zwrócić uwagę na dwie informacje, które sie ostatnio pokazały:</p>
<p><strong>1. korelacja cen ropy i złota a działania hedge funds</strong></p>
<p>Wg <a href="http://www.reuters.com/article/reutersEdge/idUSL855733820080728?sp=true">analizy opublikowanej przez Reutersa</a>, część funduszy hedgingowych, które obserwują rynek ropy i złota, doszły w lipcu do wniosku, że rozjazd cen pomiędzy tymi dwoma surowcami jest zbyt mocny i ropie należy sie korekta w dół. Według tych funduszy, prawidłowy stosunek ceny baryłki ropy do uncji złota to mniej więcej 10:1. Gdyby ta relacja była prawdziwa, a złoto gwałtownie nie wzrosło, cena ropy powinna dzisiaj wynosić ok. $93.</p>
<p><a href="http://reakkt.files.wordpress.com/2008/07/oil-vs-gold-1yr-20080729.png"><img class="aligncenter size-medium wp-image-162" src="http://reakkt.wordpress.com/files/2008/07/oil-vs-gold-1yr-20080729.png?w=300" alt="" width="300" height="199" /></a></p>
<p><strong>2. spadek popytu w Japonii, nadchodzące urynkowienie cen paliw w Chinach</strong></p>
<p>Wg przywołanego w powyższym artykule Investec Asset Management, kluczem do dalszego kierunku ruchu cen ropy naftowej jest zapotrzebowanie na ropę w innych krajach, szczególnie w gospodarkach rozwijających się.</p>
<p>Informacje na ten temat, które stopniowo docierają do rynku, wskazywałyby na dalsze zachodzenie destrukcji popytu.</p>
<p>Po pierwsze, japoński Nippon Oil Corp. poinformował właśnie, że z uwagi na spadający popyt, <a href="http://www.reuters.com/article/rbssEnergyNews/idUST26526720080729">zmniejszy w sierpniu przerób o 2%.</a> Tak więc popyt nie spada wyłącznie w USA i Europie, ale także w Japonii.</p>
<p>Znacznie ważniejsza jest jednak informacja z Chin. Otóż wygląda na to, że <a href="http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/bizchina/2008-07/24/content_6874636.htm">ponoszące ogromne straty na przerobie ropy chińskie firmy naftowe,</a> doszły do <a href="http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2008-07/29/content_6886351.htm">porozumienia z rządem w sprawie urynkowienia cen</a>. W ramach planu konserwacji energii, subsydia na produkty rafinowane mają być zniesione. Prawdopodobnie chiński rząd wstrzyma się z tym jeszcze do końca olimpiady, natomiast kierunek został uzgodniony. Ceny paliw w Chinach, nawet po czerwcowej podwyżce, wciąż są o 1/3 poniżej poziomu światowego.</p>
<p>Opłacalny obecnie poziom ceny ropy dla Sinopec to $80. Zakładając, że ceny paliw wzrosną o 1/3, ropa nie powinna przekraczać $110.</p>
<p><strong>3. Iran</strong></p>
<p>Negocjacje z Iranem znajdują się w końcowej fazie. Wyznaczony przez USA deadline upływa 2. sierpnia. Prawdopodobnie Irańczycy zdecydują się na zakończenie negocjacji z aktualną administracją. Po drodze może być jednak jeszcze trochę potrząsania szablami, co przeniosłoby się na nerwowość na rynkach.</p>
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<title><![CDATA[America, The Slothful: Professor Morton J Marcus thinks so]]></title>
<link>http://deepcenterfield.wordpress.com/?p=320</link>
<pubDate>Mon, 28 Jul 2008 21:18:12 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>jaypeefreely</dc:creator>
<guid>http://deepcenterfield.wordpress.com/?p=320</guid>
<description><![CDATA[Sunday, I get to read an Economics column by Dr. Morton J. Marcus, formerly of Indiana University. ]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Sunday, I get to read an Economics column by Dr. Morton J. Marcus, formerly of Indiana University. He usually recaps the Indiana Economy with a fictional character asking about what is causing...whatever. This week, he detoured into never-never-oh-no-he-didn't land. He blames Americans for the current malaise.  <a href="http://nwi.com/articles/2008/07/28/business/business/doc431da1e42fa9aa718625748f001c098b.txt" target="_blank">His article here</a> and a telling quote below:</p>
<blockquote><p>Ask yourself, "What can I do with the skills I have to make more money"? Stop seeing yourself as a victim of something beyond yourself. True; you probably don't know all you need to know, but for today, that's how it is. Right; you don't have enough money to do what you think needs doing, but today you have time to do something more than you did yesterday.</p>
<p>While the enthusiastic words of motivational speakers will not transform your life, <em>self-pity is a non-starter. The problem is no longer the politician, the boss, the union, the market, NAFTA or your DNA</em>. The problem is you, your inaction and your indifference to your <strong>degenerative social disease: sloth</strong>.</p>
<p>I know you think you work hard. But you and I know that you and I waste enormous amounts of time. Some of us do it writing in a Colorado coffee house while others will turn this page and forget its message. </p></blockquote>
<p><strong>My response:</strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0;"><span style="font-size:small;color:#ff0000;font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong>7 Sins and Sloth: Economy = Marcus*Gramm*Gramm</strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0;"><span style="font-size:small;font-family:Times New Roman;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0;"><span style="font-size:small;font-family:Times New Roman;">Usually, I read your articles for an informative look at the Indiana Economy. However, this Sunday, I read with a certain amount of disdain and contempt. I’ll elaborate.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0;"><span style="font-size:small;font-family:Times New Roman;">Never religious, but raised Catholic, I know the seven deadly sins are: pride, covetousness, lust, gluttony, envy, anger and sloth. <strong><a href="http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=54" target="_blank">(Gregory The Great, 6<sup>th</sup> century.)</a></strong> Our maybe you know them as: luxuria, gula, avarita, acedia, ira, invidia and superbia. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0;"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0;"><span style="font-size:small;font-family:Times New Roman;">It is quite dismaying to indict us, Average Joe American, of laziness and/or not utilizing our talents. Sure, we are using “our time” to less than optimal point of maximum production that would satisfy economic goals and objectives laid out by our taskmasters, <strong>the elite</strong> and the <a href="http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/s_420319.html" target="_blank">1 percenters</a>. Of our 168 hours per week, we likely spend 35-60 at work, 42-56 asleep, 4-10 preparing to and eating, 3.5-10 driving a car, 5-15 watching TV (possibly learning about our world), 1-10 reading, 5-21 attending to kids, 1-2 cleaning ourselves, 2-7 hours on house chores, 1-5 exercising (if we are lucky) and 1.5-2.5 in the bathroom. With this stated, anywhere from 101 to 198.5 hours would be need to complete those particular tasks. Reflecting, I hope to you, that a range exists. Free time is plentiful at the minimum, but what laziness exists, is to your point, a very individual concern. Many are not at all lazy.<span>  </span>And many do use their talents within the framework of our society. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0;"> </p>
[caption id="attachment_324" align="alignnone" width="596" caption="A typical Average Joe American"]<a href="http://deepcenterfield.files.wordpress.com/2008/07/sloth.jpg"><img class="size-full wp-image-324" src="http://deepcenterfield.wordpress.com/files/2008/07/sloth.jpg" alt="A typical Average Joe American" width="596" height="361" /></a>[/caption]
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0;"><span style="font-size:small;font-family:Times New Roman;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0;"><span style="font-size:small;font-family:Times New Roman;">As sentient and free beings, it has come to our knowledge that those at the top do not have our best interests at heart. Even more so when you look at the career prospects and attitudes, healthcare shell game, resource redistribution and intrusiveness of government into personal privacy that has meandered away from logical and understandable levels of societal necessity. But I will not argue on those points. <em>(Because it would take too long. Like this diatribe. Read on.) </em></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0;"><span style="font-size:small;font-family:Times New Roman;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0;"><span style="font-size:small;font-family:Times New Roman;">However, it would remissive of me to not indict those at the pinnacles of power, wealth, and alas, decision making, of their sins. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0;"><span style="font-size:small;font-family:Times New Roman;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0;"><span style="font-size:small;font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong>Pride.</strong> The 1980’s Wall Street boom lent us the phrase, <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/07/business/yourmoney/07deal.html?ex=1281067200&#38;en=ed061c0dd22bd2fc&#38;ei=5088&#38;partner=rssnyt&#38;emc=rss" target="_blank">“Masters of the Universe”</a> as they were kings of all they surveyed. As Reagan’s <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milton_Friedman" target="_blank">monetarist/Friedman policies</a> took hold, creating record deficit spending and trade imbalances, we have also seen an inordinate glorification of these hedge fund, corporate raider, CEO-stock boosters types. Business channels pound the message that these men can (or rarely) do no wrong in business. And once more, they know it, and act the part accordingly.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0;"><span style="font-size:small;font-family:Times New Roman;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0;"><span style="font-size:small;font-family:Times New Roman;">Meanwhile, the Average Joe witnesses the America’s infrastructure dilapidate (while other countries revitalize), manufacturing GDP slip far behind the financial sector’s GDP – meaning his “future” job requires nearly an MBA-like education – and his “old job” is in <em><a href="http://www.mhprofessional.com/product.php?isbn=0071476571">“Chindia”</a></em> with a worker making 1/10 or 1/15 of his <em>“old salary.”</em><span><em> </em> </span>Universities create <em>“specialists”</em> in overabundance, pumping up the careers choices of financial, legal and health concerns over <strong>engineering and science</strong>. (And those that get into <em>those lesser careers</em> are <strong>foreigners</strong> or <strong>US kids going abroad</strong>.)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0;"><span style="font-size:small;font-family:Times New Roman;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0;"><span style="font-size:small;font-family:Times New Roman;">Our nation moves wealth upward via tax incentives and breaks that have been in place since “compassionate conservatives” took the mantle of power. (With “liberals” too scared, or too well compensated, to rock the boat with an election hatchet hanging over their heads.) </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0;"><span style="font-size:small;font-family:Times New Roman;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0;"><span style="font-size:small;font-family:Times New Roman;">Lobbyists now run the congressional dog and pony show. Businesses of extreme power, <strong>oil for certain</strong>, get their ideas approved or heard – “drill more!” – while any alternatives, not moneyed properly, go silent.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0;"><span style="font-size:small;font-family:Times New Roman;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0;"><span style="font-size:small;font-family:Times New Roman;">We are enlightened that our malaise is of our own doing. That our country needs to get right with the Lord and leave behind destructive behaviors while our leaders consistently find themselves in legal hot water, often times, politically motivated in the charges. (And thus adds more delay and gridlock on actually addressing any problem, if leadership is so inclined.)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0;"><span style="font-size:small;font-family:Times New Roman;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0;"><span style="font-size:small;font-family:Times New Roman;">That we can find better opportunities, just look for them and get educated, but in the midst of the deck shuffling of our lives, the game is changed from pinochle to hearts, and the objective escapes us: a secure retirement. We leverage ourselves silly, driving our total credit market debt, public and private, to 44 trillion dollars. (<strong>Kevin Phillips: Bad Money, Richard Duncan: The Dollar Crisis.</strong>)</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0;"><span style="font-size:small;font-family:Times New Roman;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0;"><span style="font-size:small;font-family:Times New Roman;"><em>A dollar buys less daily.</em> <strong>Our tax dollars buy even less when we pay more into the broken system.</strong> The private sector is lauded, while the public sector is besmirched. (But when <em>Enron, Tyco, Worldcom, Countrywide, Bear Stearnes or IndyMac go under</em>, we, the taxpayer, the pension holder, the employee are left holding the bag while corporate execs and major stockholders got out just in the<em> “nick of time.”)</em> We are bombarded with these images of 7-8-9-10 figure people living the good life. Told it is just a matter of will and want. (But never told it might be a product of happenstance and luck, immorality and illegality, and smoke and mirrors.) </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0;"><span style="font-size:small;font-family:Times New Roman;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0;"><span style="font-size:small;font-family:Times New Roman;">And we grow to “envy” of their <em>“gluttonous”</em> behaviors. We <em>“lust”</em> for the good life – as do the millionaires cum billionaires. Our <em>“anger”</em> soon ensues over their “elite” thinking and their<em> “prideful”</em> stances via us, <strong>the little guy.</strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0;"><span style="font-size:small;font-family:Times New Roman;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0;"><span style="font-size:small;font-family:Times New Roman;">But all their <em>“pride”</em> and the media’s fawning over these stock market gurus, their ever-increasing portfolios, their freedom to merge against anti-trust legality, and their ability to move more <em>“Average Joes (think: Hoes)”</em> into the market (with no regard for their losses), belies a truth: <strong>that their game inevitably reeks havoc on our economy. </strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0;"><span style="font-size:small;font-family:Times New Roman;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0;"><span style="font-size:small;font-family:Times New Roman;">It’s a paper chase, not a tangible, fungible asset that can produce a real good, technology or value-added service. Moving funds around may create a strip mall or two, an occasional road or financial service building, but those are in over abundance all ready, and have been discarded, or ignored time and again. This “exotic” fund management has become a mantra to follow on Wall Street, but eventually, the house of cards comes tumbling down onto the backs of lowly American citizens on Main Street. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0;"><span style="font-size:small;font-family:Times New Roman;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0;"><span style="font-size:small;font-family:Times New Roman;">Meanwhile, as banks pumped liquidity into the market, often to people with credit burdens greater than any income potential to pay them down, we are spreading a contagion beyond the ability to cure the disease. And this time I am afraid, the rebound will not be quite as easy.<span>  </span>The disease has infested too far. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0;"><span style="font-size:small;font-family:Times New Roman;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0;"><span style="font-size:small;font-family:Times New Roman;">But our sin is not sloth, sir. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0;"><span style="font-size:small;font-family:Times New Roman;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0;"><span style="font-size:small;font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong>Covetousness (or Envy) is our real sin.</strong> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0;"><span style="font-size:small;font-family:Times New Roman;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0;"><span style="font-size:small;font-family:Times New Roman;">The desire of another’s wealth, whether we are $1,000,000/year hedge fund associate looking to be a $50,000,000 hedge fund manager or a $50,000/year single dad looking to be a $125,000 plant manager. But tied to the greed, it has driven those at the top rungs to expect more, desire more (while paying less taxes), look down their nose at the plebeians, and turn us green with such envy. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0;"><span style="font-size:small;font-family:Times New Roman;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0;"><span style="font-size:small;font-family:Times New Roman;">Since we don’t have intimate contact with such “Masters” we in turn take our disdain elsewhere, to our bosses or our neighbors. “Keeping up with Joneses” has become a higher stakes affair.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0;"><span style="font-size:small;font-family:Times New Roman;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0;"><span style="font-size:small;font-family:Times New Roman;">But when a stock trader in France name Jerome can generate a $7 billion loss in a year, it will take 140,000 Americans at $50,000/yr that entire year to make up for his mistake.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0;"><span style="font-size:small;font-family:Times New Roman;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0;"><span style="font-size:small;font-family:Times New Roman;">When we spend $3 Billion a week in Iraq, it takes 60,000 Americans to make that. Over a U.S. fiscal year, 3,120,000 Americans will work that off.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0;"><span style="font-size:small;font-family:Times New Roman;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0;"><span style="font-size:small;font-family:Times New Roman;">When we put 2,300,000 people behind bars, we lose their productivity, and in some instances, creativity. Meanwhile, once they are released, their abilities are resided to low-end, dead-end and no-end opportunities. And we wonder why they go back in droves of 80% recidivism. Meanwhile, we educate people in droves to prosecute, monitor and enforce backward, archaic and racially-punitive laws in the hopes of maintaining order that isn’t so orderly. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0;"><span style="font-size:small;font-family:Times New Roman;"> </span></p>
<h5 class="MsoBodyText" style="margin:0;">Capital expenditures on prisons, staffing and other assisting programs for incarceration, not education, increased significantly under the conservative regime. In the 1990’s alone, 292 large facilities (1,000 prisoners or more) were built to keep up with the prison boom. In the 1980’s, 314 facilities of various sizes were built to house the conservatives influx of drug abusers, sexual deviants and violent offenders. (Statistical Abstract of the United States, 2006, Table 336)</h5>
<p class="MsoBodyText" style="margin:0;"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:&#34;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0;"><span style="font-size:small;font-family:Times New Roman;">These new large warehouse style prisons ultra-conservatively cost $33.1 billion to construct and $4-6 billion annually to run in 2000 US Dollars. (Assumed $25,000 per staff member and 100 million for facilities under 2,500, 200 million for 2,500 or more inmates. Each assumption is an underestimation.) Older facilities cost an addition $6.5-8.5 Billion to staff, leaving aside food, clothing, electricity, security needs and other costs associated with these monsters. Assuming $30-45,000 per inmate cost, total cost is $60-90 Billion per year for all the needs to house these persons. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0;"><span style="font-size:small;font-family:Times New Roman;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0;"><span style="font-size:small;font-family:Times New Roman;"><strong>Another 1,800,000 Americans working solely for prison upkeep.</strong></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0;"><span style="font-size:small;font-family:Times New Roman;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0;"><span style="font-size:small;font-family:Times New Roman;">As the cost of college races toward a 1,200 sq. ft. starter home, we must acknowledge our flaws in educating and preparing for a 21<sup>st</sup> century. (That means you, sir.) That their prospects are not as good as their dad’s, or more likely, their grandpop’s. They will not enjoy Social Security. They will have to live longer, work longer and watch as America sees China become the next superpower, or likely, engage in a WWIII.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0;"><span style="font-size:small;font-family:Times New Roman;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0;"><span style="font-size:small;font-family:Times New Roman;">That fiscal irresponsibility, lack investment in the future and pumping up a stock market are now coming home to roost. Whatever our laziness or incapacity to use talent is, it will not surpass the greed and envy aspects prior to the 2<sup>nd</sup> Great Depression about to take hold. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0;"><span style="font-size:small;font-family:Times New Roman;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0;"><span style="font-size:small;font-family:Times New Roman;">But I also might be apart of “A Nation of Whiners.”</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0;"><span style="font-size:small;font-family:Times New Roman;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0;"><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Lastly, I just hope you are intellectually honest enough to admit it when it comes. <span> </span></span></span></p>
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<title><![CDATA[Wall-E Street 2:  Gekko v Basel]]></title>
<link>http://sixtyten.wordpress.com/?p=18</link>
<pubDate>Mon, 28 Jul 2008 14:24:13 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Nick Fox</dc:creator>
<guid>http://sixtyten.wordpress.com/?p=18</guid>
<description><![CDATA[






Been trying to chase down some factoids around the potential release of Wall Street 2: Money ]]></description>
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<dt class="wp-caption-dt"><a href="http://sixtyten.wordpress.com/files/2008/07/g-738997.jpg"><img class="size-medium wp-image-24" src="http://sixtyten.wordpress.com/files/2008/07/g-738997.jpg?w=260" alt="wall street" width="260" height="300" /></a></dt>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0;"><span style="font-size:10pt;color:#000000;font-family:Verdana;">Been trying to chase down some factoids around the potential release of Wall Street 2: Money Never Sleeps, which was reported as having started pre-production in May 2007. Since then there's been scarcely a peep on it. What we do know:Michael Douglas is still in, having just come out of jail.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0;"><span style="font-size:10pt;color:#000000;font-family:Verdana;">Oliver Stone is out since he's been busy apparently doing Bush W's biopic.Its set around Hedge Funds.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0;"><span style="font-size:10pt;color:#000000;font-family:Verdana;">And potentially it has a release date of the end of 2009.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0;"><span style="font-size:10pt;color:#000000;font-family:Verdana;">Assuming it even gets made, being so out of tune with the world economy, its bound to be an absolute stinker.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0;"><span style="font-size:10pt;color:#000000;font-family:Verdana;">Contribute your movie suggestions on Bankers Ball: </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0;"><span style="font-size:7.5pt;font-family:Verdana;"><a href="http://www.bankersball.com/2008/05/16/the-wall-street-sequel-prediction-contest/"><span style="font-size:10pt;color:#000000;">http://www.bankersball.com/2008/05/16/the-wall-street-sequel-prediction-contest/</span></a></span></p>
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<title><![CDATA[LBO et Titrisation (4): Risques et Intérêts Financiers de la Titrisation]]></title>
<link>http://geraldpasquier.wordpress.com/?p=51</link>
<pubDate>Mon, 28 Jul 2008 12:08:17 +0000</pubDate>
<dc:creator>Gerald Pasquier</dc:creator>
<guid>http://geraldpasquier.wordpress.com/?p=51</guid>
<description><![CDATA[LBO et Titrisation (4): Risques et Intérêts Financiers de la Titrisation
 
La titrisation permet u]]></description>
<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p style="margin-bottom:0.0001pt;"><strong>LBO et Titrisation (4): Risques et Intérêts Financiers de la Titrisation</strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><strong> </strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;">La titrisation permet une structuration des risques qui n’est pas sans impact sur le financement des LBO.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<p class="MsoNormal"><strong>1. Finance structurée : le management du risque</strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;">La titrisation peut porter soit sur des <a title="LBO 2" href="http://geraldpasquier.wordpress.com/2008/07/10/lbo-et-titrisation-2-operations-de-titrisation-envisageables-dans-un-lbo-classique/">créances se rapportant au financement bancaire d’un LBO</a>, soit sur des <a title="LBO 3" href="http://geraldpasquier.wordpress.com/2008/07/17/lbo-et-titrisation-3-la-titrisation-des-actifs-de-la-societe-cible-par-un-securitisation-buy-out-%c2%ab-sbo-%c2%bb/">actifs de la société cible dans le cadre d’un SBO</a>.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;">Une autre série de distinctions peut être établie s’intéressant à la structuration financière des risques opérée par la titrisation. Tout d’abord, s’agissant de l’actif du véhicule <em>ad hoc </em>(en France le FCC), nous nous attacherons à la nature des risques qui lui sont transmis, ce qui amène à distinguer la titrisation simple de la titrisation synthétique (a) ensuite, s’agissant cette fois du passif du véhicule <em>ad hoc</em>, nous nous intéresserons aux titres que ce dernier émet, ce qui concerne au premier chef les CDO (b).</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;">
<p class="MsoNormal"><strong>a. Titrisation simple et titrisation synthétique</strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;">Les effets de la titrisation sur le plan financier (i) permettent de distinguer l’utilisation des titrisations classiques (ii) des titrisations synthétiques (iii) se rattachant à un LBO.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<p class="MsoNormal"><strong>(i) Intérêts financiers de la titrisation. </strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:18pt;"><strong> </strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Une opération de titrisation a pour l’initiateur (c'est-à-dire dans un LBO, les banques ou la société cible dans le cas particulier d’un SBO) deux effets essentiels sur le plan financier :<strong></strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;">
<ul style="margin-top:0;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal">elle constitue une <em>source de financement</em>,      les titres de créances cédées par l’initiateur lui permettant d’obtenir      des liquidités ; et/ou</li>
</ul>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:18pt;text-align:justify;">
<ul style="margin-top:0;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal">elle est <em>déconsolidante</em>, c'est-à-dire      qu’elle fait disparaître du bilan de l’initiateur un actif généralement      risqué ou n’étant pas en rapport avec le niveau des capitaux propres -      c’est particulièrement le cas d’un initiateur bancaire qui pourra ainsi se      conformer plus facilement aux ratios prudentiels imposés par le droit.</li>
</ul>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;">Pour le véhicule <em>ad hoc</em> - et indirectement pour l’initiateur bancaire s’il contrôle le véhicule <em>ad hoc</em> comme c’est souvent le cas - la titrisation présente un troisième intérêt :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;">
<ul style="margin-top:0;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal">Elle permet un <em>arbitrage</em>, c'est-à-dire une      spéculation sur la valeur des titres faisant l’objet de la titrisation.      L’arbitragiste, c'est-à-dire le véhicule <em>ad hoc</em>, a identifié des      titres qu’il considère comme sous-évalués. Il va les acquérir à ce prix      qu’il considère comme avantageux en finançant l’acquisition par l’émission      de titres de créances adossés sur les titres sous-évalués. Lors du      dénouement de l’opération, l’arbitragiste, en revendant les titres qui      auront entre temps pris de la valeur, va bénéficier de la plus-value      résultant de la sous-évaluation des titres acquis, puisqu’il les aura      acquis grâce à un financement peu coûteux. Ce type de titrisation dite      d’arbitrage est pratiqué par les véhicules <em>ad hoc</em> pratiquant la      gestion alternative, et ne concerne qu’à la marge les opérations de LBO      qui ont davantage recours à des véhicules <em>ad hoc</em> dits ‘de bilan’,      c'est-à-dire non spéculatifs.</li>
</ul>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;">
<p class="MsoNormal"><strong>(ii) Titrisation classique</strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;">Dans le cadre d’un SBO, l’objectif des investisseurs est de permettre un refinancement de la cible à moindre coût - les fonds levés par la titrisation étant moins coûteux qu’un prêt bancaire de LBO, afin notamment de diminuer le coût du financement bancaire en augmentant la solvabilité de l’emprunteur. En effet, plus la cible aura une trésorerie importante, plus elle offrira de garanties financières, ce qui permet au LBO de s’endetter davantage et à moindre coût. Ce sont donc bien les liquidités dégagées par la cession des créances au véhicule <em>ad hoc</em> qui motivent la titrisation : cette titrisation est une titrisation simple également dénommée titrisation en <em>cash</em>.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<p class="MsoNormal"><strong>(iii) Titrisation synthétique</strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;">S’agissant des banques voulant titriser les créances résultant du LBO, la problématique est différente. Leur objectif n’est pas à proprement parler d’obtenir des liquidités : le but essentiel qu’elles poursuivent est une déconsolidation, objectif qu’elles peuvent atteindre par le truchement une titrisation synthétique.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;"><strong>Principes.</strong> La déconsolidation est motivée par des raisons réglementaires, la banque initiatrice cherchant à faire une économie de fonds propres réglementaires afin de maintenir son ratio de solvabilité. Or les modalités de calcul de ce ratio sont telles qu’une banque peut valablement maintenir son ratio en conservant des actifs à son bilan, mais en transférant certains risques se rattachant à ces actifs au véhicule <em>ad hoc</em>.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;">Ainsi, alors que la titrisation simple repose sur le transfert de la propriété juridique des créances à une entité <em>ad hoc</em> en contrepartie du versement de liquidités, la titrisation synthétique se contente de transférer les risques de crédit associés aux créances. Le risque de crédit, également appelé risque de contrepartie, correspond au risque de défaut de paiement par le LBO de ses dettes bancaires. Les créances n’étant pas juridiquement transférées sur le compte du véhicule <em>ad hoc</em>, la titrisation synthétique a notamment pour intérêt d’épargner les coûts d’un tel transfert, qui peuvent s’avérer conséquents dans le cadre de titrisations internationales.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;"><strong><em>Credit Default Swap.</em></strong> L’outil juridique permettant le transfert des risques de crédit est un contrat conclu entre le vendeur de protection, et l’acheteur de protection, ici l’initiateur de la titrisation, c'est-à-dire la banque ayant financé le LBO. Ce contrat formalise un produit financier entrant dans la catégories des produits dérivés : il s’agit d’un <em>credit default swap</em> abrégé en CDS.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;">L’équilibre contractuel d’un CDS s’établit comme suit:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;">
<ul style="margin-top:0;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal">l’acheteur de protection verse une prime au vendeur      de protection durant toute la durée de vie du contrat, en l’échange de quoi</li>
</ul>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:18pt;text-align:justify;">
<ul style="margin-top:0;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal">le vendeur de protection s’engage à couvrir le      risque en cas de survenance d’un évènement de crédit, généralement défini      au contrat comme un incident de paiement. Lorsqu’un tel évènement de      crédit survient qui affecte l’obligation dont les risques sont couverts      par le CDS, le vendeur de protection peut soit se faire livrer      physiquement l’obligation défectueuse à la valeur nominale de l’emprunt -      les titres sont alors transférés sur son compte, soit opter pour un      dénouement financier, il versera alors à l’acheteur la différence entre le      nominal de l’emprunt et sa valeur après survenance de l’incident de      paiement.</li>
</ul>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;">Lorsque le CDS est vendu par une compagnie d’assurance, on sort du contexte de la titrisation synthétique, qui est une qualification applicable seulement au schéma dans lequel le vendeur du CDS est un véhicule <em>ad hoc</em>.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;">Le CDS est un produit financier réglementé qui doit correspondre à des critères de notations imposés par les agences de notation et par les autorités bancaires. Pour pouvoir faire face à d’éventuels incidents de paiement, et en raison des contraintes réglementaires ci-dessus évoquées, le véhicule <em>ad hoc</em> va devoir détenir des actifs liquides et cessibles. Les véhicule <em>ad hoc</em> vendant des CDS ont ainsi pour pratique d’acquérir un portefeuille d’obligations très bien notées générant un <em>cash flow</em> quasi sans risque, généralement des obligations étatiques telles que les <em>US T-Bonds</em>. Pour financer cette acquisition d’obligations à faible risque, le véhcule <em>ad hoc</em> émet lui-même des titres de créance sur le marché financier (voir b) ci-dessous).</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;"><strong> </strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;"><strong>Titrisation synthétique en droit français.</strong> Il est remarquable que la titrisation synthétique a longtemps été impossible en France en raison de la réglementation qui interdisait aux FCC de conclure des contrats constituant des instruments financiers à terme en tant que vendeurs de protection : les FCC pouvaient seulement couvrir leur exposition à un risque en se portant acheteurs de protection. La plupart des véhicules vendeurs de protection étaient alors constituées dans des juridictions <em>offshore</em> dont la souplesse de l’environnement juridique était appréciable - et, il faut bien le constater, le demeure dans une large mesure.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;">Depuis la publication du décret du 24 novembre 2004, il est possible pour les FCC de vendre des CDS. Cependant cette liberté reste relative puisque :</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;">
<ul style="margin-top:0;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal">les contreparties éligibles sont limitées - mais      les établissements de crédit sont compris dans la liste, et peuvent donc      acheter des CDS, ce qui leur permet de mieux financer les LBO,</li>
</ul>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:18pt;text-align:justify;">
<ul style="margin-top:0;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal">l’effet de levier est proscrit, et</li>
</ul>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;">
<ul style="margin-top:0;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal">une autorisation spécifique doit être délivrée par      l’AMF à la société de gestion du FCC selon l’article R 214-115-IV du CMF.</li>
</ul>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;">On relèvera enfin que le FCC restant, contrairement à ses cousins anglo-saxons, privé de personnalité morale, il est d’utilisation peu commode dans le cadre de titrisations synthétiques internationales en raison de son exotisme, qui ressortit d’ailleurs sur la nature juridique des titres qu’il émet.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;">Après avoir pris en considération l’actif des FCC, il s’agit de considérer son passif au travers des titres qu’ils émettent sur le marché pour se financer.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;">
<p class="MsoNormal"><strong>b. Les titres structurés émis par le véhicule <em>ad hoc</em> - CDO, CLO et CBO</strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;">Les titres issus d’une opération de titrisation et émis sur le marché sont regroupés sous l’appellation de <em>collateralised debt obligation</em>, abrégé en CDO. Cette catégorie recouvre les CLO (<em>collateralised loan obligations</em>), c'est-à-dire les titres adossés sur des créances d’emprunts et les CBO (<em>collateralised bond obligations</em>), c'est-à-dire les titres adossés sur des créances obligataires.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;">Si les principes financiers gouvernant la structuration des CDO sont intangibles (i), certaines adaptations sont notables en droit français (ii).</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;"><strong>(i) Principes gouvernant la structuration du passif des véhicules de titrisation. </strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;">Le principe de la titrisation est, sur le plan financier, de pouvoir re-packager les risques transmis au véhicule de titrisation par l’initiateur, c'est-à-dire de les structurer. Dans la mesure où l’actif du véhicule correspond à des créances de risques variés - ainsi qu’illustré plus haut, le véhicule aura à son actif des créances peu risquées, par exemple des obligations étatiques, et des créances plus risqués, par exemple des créances bancaires relatives au financement d’un LBO, voire très risquées, par exemple des <em>Mortage Backed Securities</em> californiennes c'est-à-dire des créances bancaires hypothécaires dont le sous-jacent est un immeuble dont la valeur s’est évaporée en quelques mois.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;">Les titres que le véhicule va émettre seront également structurés selon les risques qu’ils présentent. Mais le savoir-faire des gestionnaires va permettre d’optimiser les actifs de telle manière que le risque global attaché au portefeuille du véhicule, appelé risque de corrélation, sera de structure plus avantageuse que le risque moyen qui ressortirait de la simple juxtaposition des titres composant l’actif du fonds. L’un des mécanismes utilisés par les fonds<span> </span>pour améliorer la structure du risque de leur portefeuille est le rehaussement de crédit, qui est un mécanisme d’assurance. Le rehausseur de crédit - en anglais <em>monoline credit insurer</em> - est une société bénéficiant d’un profil de risque exemplaire, c'est-à-dire que le plus haute note lui est attribuée par les agences de notation. Le rehausseur apporte son crédit aux CDO émis par le fonds, en lui procurant des garanties légales sur ses actifs : schématiquement, le rehausseur se porte garant du fonds. Grâce à ce rehausseur, les agences de notations vont accorder des notes très favorables aux CDO émis.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;">Ces CDO sont, de même que la structure du passif d’un LBO, découpés en tranches se répartissant souvent comme suit:</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;">
<ul style="margin-top:0;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal">Dette senior très bien notée : 90 % des CDO      émis</li>
</ul>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:18pt;text-align:justify;">
<ul style="margin-top:0;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal">Dette mezzanine éventuellement de nature      spéculative : 8%</li>
</ul>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;">
<ul style="margin-top:0;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal"><em>Equity credit</em> (titre de créance de      dernier rang bénéficiant des éventuels boni de liquidation, <strong>il ne      s’agit pas d’un titre de capital</strong>): environ 2%</li>
</ul>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;">Il est à noter que la tranche <em>equity</em> est dans la pratique souscrite par l’initiateur de la titrisation - c'est-à-dire dans un LBO la banque qui a financé l’opération - afin de démontrer qu’il apporte son crédit à l’opération en en souscrivant la tranche la plus risquée.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;"><strong>(ii) Particularités du droit français</strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;">En droit français, la nature exotique du FCC emporte des adaptations au schéma ci-dessus décrit. En effet, si un FCC peut émettre des titres de créances, il est dans l’obligation d’émettre au moins deux parts afin d’assurer la réalité de la copropriété exigée par la Loi. Ces parts correspondent à la tranche <em>equity</em>, et sont donc souscrites par l’initiateur de la titrisation. Notons que dans la mesure où les titres de créances émis par le fonds peuvent être sujets à un droit étranger, la plupart des CDO français sont distribués sur les marchés luxembourgeois et irlandais.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;">Dans la mesure où les FCC ne sont pas autorisés à utiliser l’effet de levier, leur structure financière est très différente de celle des fonds de créance américains, qui l’utilisent de manière extensive. Ainsi certains fonds de créances gérés par Merill Lynch avaient un ratio dette sur fonds propres égal à 15, l’effet de levier étant ici considérable. Ceci explique certainement que les FCC n’aient pas été concernés par la crise des <em>subprimes</em>.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;"><strong>2. Contraintes et risques de la titrisation dans le contexte d’un SBO</strong></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;">Existent, tout d’abord, des contraintes de calendrier, car les délais de mise en place d’une opération de LBO et d’une opération de titrisation divergent.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;"><span> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;">Les deux nécessitent, effectivement, la mise en place des « <em>due diligences</em> » préalables a la lancée des opérations  proprement dites.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;">Mais le timing d’une titrisation se trouve rallongée par rapport à un LBO par divers autres contraintes: la constitution d’un véhicule <em>ad hoc</em>, les études de faisabilité sur les modes et les structures de cession des actifs titrisés, les négociations avec des agences de notation de risques et des rehausseurs de crédit etc.<span> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;">Tous ces éléments sont susceptibles de décaler la réalisation d’une titrisation par rapport au LBO et, donc, retarder l’afflux de liquidités.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;">Pour faire concorder le départ des deux opérations, le calendrier de la mise en place de la titrisation devra avoir une avance considérable sur le LBO.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:18pt;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;">Un risque de conflits d’intérêts existe également. Deux types de  fournisseurs de financements interviennet dans un tel schéma : d’une part les banques et les <em>mezzaneurs</em> qui sont bailleurs de fonds au sens propre du terme, et d’autre part les véhicules <em>ad hoc</em> qui procurent de la trésorerie en achetant les éléments d’actifs de la cible.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;">Or, il se trouve, qu’il est fréquent que les fournisseurs de la dette senior grèvent les éléments d’actifs de la société cible de garanties, ce qui est susceptible de compliquer ou même de rendre impossible la sortie de ces biens de l’actif de la cible et, donc, de procéder a une titrisation.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;">Pour ne pas faire face à de telles complications en cours de l’opération, il est de bonne pratique d’anticiper ces conflits d’intérêts, et d’opérer une distinction préalable entre les actifs grevés de sûretés et les actifs titrisables.</p>
<p><span style="font-size:14pt;font-family:&#34;"><br />
</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">
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